Friday, November 2, 2012

CIA officials in Libya made key decisions during Benghazi attacks

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - CIA officials on the ground in Libya dispatched security forces to the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi within 25 minutes and made other key decisions about how to respond to the waves of attacks on U.S. installations on September 11, a senior American intelligence official said on Thursday.

Officials in Washington monitored events through message traffic and a hovering U.S. military drone but did not interfere with or reject requests for help from officials in the line of fire, the official said.

The information emerged as officials made available on Thursday a timeline chronicling the U.S. response to the Benghazi attacks in which Christopher Stevens, the U.S. ambassador to Libya, and three other American officials died. The material appears to refute claims by critics that officials in Washington delayed sending help to the besieged personnel.

The handling of the attack by the Obama administration and CIA has come under sharp criticism by supporters of Republican challenger Mitt Romney during the campaign ahead of the presidential election on November 6.

The senior intelligence official said that CIA officers in Benghazi, "responded to the situation on the night of 11 and 12 September as quickly and as effectively as possible.

"The security officers in particular were genuine heroes. They quickly tried to rally additional local support and heavier weapons, and when that could not be accomplished within minutes, they still moved in and put their own lives on the line to save their comrades," the official said.

"At every level in the chain of command, from the senior officers in Libya to the most senior officials in Washington, everyone was fully engaged in trying to provide whatever help they could," the official said.

"There was no second-guessing those decisions being made on the ground, by people at every U.S. organization that could play a role in assisting those in danger. There were no orders to anybody to stand down in providing support," the official added.

OBAMA, CIA PUSH BACK AGAINST CRITICISM

Intelligence and other administration officials expressed particular dismay about a report on Fox News last week that alleged that armed CIA operatives near the U.S. compound in Benghazi were repeatedly told to "stand down" after asking for permission to assist on the night of September 11 and were also refused military backup by the CIA chain of command.

Following the initial broadcast of the Fox News report, Jennifer Youngblood, a CIA spokeswoman, denied that CIA had ever turned down requests for help from U.S. personnel in Benghazi.

"No one at any level in the CIA told anybody not to help those in need; claims to the contrary are simply inaccurate," Youngblood said.

According to the timeline, around 9:40 p.m. Benghazi time, officials at the CIA's relatively fortified and well-defended base in Benghazi got a call from State Department officials at the U.S. diplomatic mission about a mile away that the less-fortified public mission complex had come under attack from a group of militants, the intelligence official said.

Other official sources said that the initial wave of attacks on the diplomatic mission involved setting fires using diesel fuel. The dense smoke created by the fuel both made it hard for people at the compound to breathe and to organize a response to the attack.

About 25 minutes after the initial report came into the CIA base, a team of about six agency security officers left their base for the public diplomatic mission compound.

Over the succeeding 25 minutes, the CIA team approached the compound, and tried, apparently unsuccessfully, to get local Libyan allies to bring them a supply of heavier weapons, and eventually moved into the burning diplomatic compound, the intelligence official said.

At around 11:10 p.m., a Defense Department drone, which had been on an unrelated mission some distance away, arrived in Benghazi to help officials on the ground gather information. By 11:30, U.S. personnel who had been working or staying at the mission had been rounded up except for Ambassador Stevens, who was missing, the intelligence official said.

When they tried to drive out of the diplomatic compound to return to the CIA base, however, the convoy carrying U.S. evacuees came under fire.

Once they got back to the CIA base, that installation itself came under fire from what the intelligence official described as small arms and rocket-propelled grenades. These patchy attacks went on for roughly 90 minutes, the intelligence official said.

CIA SENT TEAM FROM TRIPOLI

Around the same time, a CIA security team based in Tripoli, which included two U.S. military officers, landed at Benghazi airport. Upon its arrival, however, the team spent some time trying both to arrange local transport and to locate the missing Ambassador Stevens.

After some time trying to solve these problems, the security team that had flown in from Tripoli eventually arranged for an armed local escort and extra transportation, but decided not to go the hospital where they believed Stevens had been taken. In part this was because they had reason to believe Stevens was likely dead, and because security at the hospital was believed, at best, to be "uncertain," the intelligence official said.

Not long before dawn, the reinforcements from Tripoli managed to take themselves and a convoy of vehicles to the CIA base to prepare for an anticipated evacuation.

However, just after they arrived at the CIA base, the official said, a new round of attacks on that facility was launched, this time with mortars. Although the mortar attacks lasted only 11 minutes, two U.S. security officers were killed by a direct hit from one of the shells, the intelligence official said.

Finally, a bit less than an hour later, a heavily armed Libyan military unit arrived at the CIA base to help evacuate the compound of U.S. personnel to the Benghazi airport, the official added.

Over the next few hours, roughly 30 Americans, as well as the bodies of Stevens and the other three Americans killed during the attacks, were loaded on planes and flown out of the city, several U.S. officials said.

(Reporting by Mark Hosenball; Editing by Lisa Shumaker)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/cia-officials-libya-made-key-decisions-during-benghazi-010811889.html

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Spacewalking Astronauts Isolate Leak in Space Station Cooling System

Two spacewalking astronauts troubleshot an ammonia leak in the International Space Station's cooling system today (Nov. 1), accomplishing the chief objective of their marathon excursion outside the orbiting lab.

NASA astronaut Sunita Williams and Japanese spaceflyer Akihiko Hoshide ventured outside the space station at 8:29 a.m. EDT (1229 GMT) today. A little more than five hours later, they had reconfigured some coolant lines and deployed a spare radiator, isolating the leak.

"Suni and Aki, heartfelt congratulations to you," NASA astronaut Mike Fincke, who helped walk the astronauts through their tasks from mission control at the agency's Johnson Space Center in Houston, said at 1:41 p.m. EDT (1741 GMT). "We accomplished just about everything we set out to do today."

"A big, huge congratulations to you guys on the ground for putting this together," Williams responded. [Gallery: Building the International Space Station]

Today's spacewalk was slated to last about 6 1/2 hours, and it proceeded pretty much on schedule. By 2:58 p.m. EDT (1958 GMT), both astronauts had re-entered the space station through its airlock, and the spacewalk was officially over nine minutes later.

Finding the leak

Each of the space station's eight huge solar panels has its own associated power system, and circulating ammonia helps cool this gear down. The leak, which NASA and its space station partners first noticed in 2007, has the potential to affect one of these power channels if it's not fixed.

Today's spacewalk, or extra-vehicular activity (EVA), is a crucial step in that process.

At the start of the spacewalk, Williams ? commander of the station's current Expedition 33 ? and Hoshide made their way over to the port side of the station's backbone-like truss. They rejiggered some lines in the affected coolant system and installed a spare radiator.

NASA officials hope this stops the leak, which they suspect may be coming from the old (swapped-out) radiator.

"We're real suspicious of the radiator," spacewalk flight director Mike Lammers, of Johnson Space Center, told reporters last Friday (Oct. 26) during a pre-spacewalk press conference. "It kind of stretches out there and is susceptible to micrometeorite impacts."

The waiting game

Because the leak is so slow, it will likely be several weeks before it's known if the fix works, officials have said.

If ammonia continues to escape, the station's operators will eventually have to try something else. For example, astronauts may need to swap out some of the coolant system's pump gear on another spacewalk. But there likely won't be an urgent need for a new fix, since the spare radiator should provide enough ammonia to keep the coolant system operating until next October or so, officials said.

It should come as no surprise that Williams and Hoshide ticked off their tasks efficiently today, for the two are seasoned spacewalkers. In late August and early September, they replaced a vital power unit on the station over the course of two spacewalks, defeating an unexpectedly stubborn stuck bolt in the process.

Today's EVA was the seventh for Williams, the third for Hoshide and the 138th to depart from the station overall.

Follow SPACE.com senior writer Mike Wall on Twitter @michaeldwall or SPACE.com @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebook and?Google+.

Copyright 2012 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/spacewalking-astronauts-isolate-leak-space-station-cooling-system-190552275.html

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Islamic Questions And Answers LIVE Online IRFNY ? Blog Archive ...

Fast Forward Academy is announcing today its new, video-based tax course for registered tax preparers to obtain the required 15 hours of continued education.Orlando, FL PRWEB November 01, 2012 Fast Forward Academy prides itself on having educational tax-related content that is accessible to all tax professionals. Its tax classes online are interactive and adaptable, and the company has hosted Look At This

Fast-Food Breakfast Sandwiches May Slow Down Blood Flow Study Title Fast-Food Breakfast Sandwiches May Slow Down Blood Flow Study Category Health News Created 10302012 60600 PM Last Editorial Review 10312012 120000 AMFast Food You Can#39t Eat Here No matter where you go in the world, there is a good chance you can order a Big Mac, french fries, and a Coke at McDonalds. Whether you order the Big Mac meal in New York City, China, New Zealand, or France, it will appear exactly as you expected it to the global standardization that McDonalds has achieved at its more than 33,500 locations in 119 countries is impressive.found it for you

Fast learner now master of bowling Dale Steyn doesn#39t look like a killer, but to batsmen he could very well resemble one.Breakfast Sandwiches Time Bomb in a Bun Fast-food breakfast sandwiches are typically doughy bread concoctions featuring some type of meat and a heap of cheese. So, yeah, they#39re not the healthiest food choice to start your day. Now research shows just what a high-fat breakfast sandwich does to your body before the clock strikes noon.Worksheets

Fast Track to Fat Loss Review of Chad Tackett and Kim Lyons Program Revealed Fast Track to Fat Loss reviews have been popping all over the internet due to the success of this nutrition program. HealthAvenger.com reveals whether the claims made by this workout and diet plan to make people lose weight by overeating are really true.Houston, TX PRWEB October 31, 2012 Young or old, fat or thin, male or female can all improve the level of health, fitness and looks simply by Fast-growing noxious weed found in 5 Indiana counties A fast-spreading weed that can grow up to 7 feet tall and clog up cropland has gained a foothold in five northwestern Indiana counties.Printable

Fast-food chains struggle to reopen after Sandy Sales at fast-food joints such as Starbucks, McDonald#39s, and Dunkin#39 Donuts forced to close because of superstorm Sandy should rebound swiftly, if they can also open quickly.Fast-finishing Scott joins Oosthuizen in China lead SHENZHEN, China Reuters ? Adam Scott will be making the headlines for all the right reasons after the Australian produced a spectacular finish to earn a share of the first-round lead at the WGC-HSBC Champions Tournament on Thursday. A year ago, Scott found himself unwillingly involved in an uncomfortable situation when his caddie Steve Williams made a derogatory remark about his former Read This

Golf-Fast-finishing Scott joins Oosthuizen in China lead SHENZHEN, China, Nov 1 Reuters ? Adam Scott will be making the headlines for all the right reasons after the Australian produced a spectacular finish to earn a share of the first-round lead at the WGC-HSBC Champions Tournament on Thursday. A year ago, Scott found himself unwillingly involved in an uncomfortable situation when his caddie Steve Williams made a derogatory remark about his former durma0111jed

Source: http://www.irfny.com/2012/11/01/fast-forward-academy-announces-new-video-tax-course-to-meet-rtrp-continuing-education-requirements/

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Protecting your identity, why start-ups should pay heed to IP law ...

02 November 2012

Intellectual property and the law that surrounds the protection of brands, ideas and image rights is hitting the news with considerable frequency at the moment. The latest big story broke last Friday, with the news that rapper Jay-Z and wife Beyonc? had trademark registered their baby daughter?s name, Blue Ivy?, much to the annoyance of a Boston wedding planner who has been trading under the same name since 2009.

If this all seems a bit too Hollywood, the realities of trademark protection are brought home by the fact that Jamie Oliver and even Alan Titchmarsh have trademarks protecting their names from association with the sale of a wide range of products.

Whilst it may seem obvious that celebrities need to stay ahead of the game when it comes to protecting their image rights, the same cannot be said for Britain?s small businesses. Surveys by the Intellectual Property Office consistently show that as many as 85% of our small and startup companies neglect the need to protect their IP.

It is unclear what exactly is putting business owners and managers off dealing with IP issues, other than the obvious deterrent of cost and the oft-used excuse of ignorance. Outside of this, there may also be a perception that what a start-up business is doing needs little protection until it proves to be a success, by which time of course it may all be too late.

According to experts, the one thing start-ups should not be in this area is ignorant. The Intellectual Property Office offers all businesses a free online IP Healthcheck tool to help owners and managers understand their IP needs, and there is a wide range of information (of varying quality) available online for those wishing to gen up on patents, trademarks and copyrights.

For those who choose to do nothing, intellectual property law can still help. Copyright protection is afforded to all original works automatically, which means that you do not need to do anything in order to benefit from some legal protections. Copyright will cover all your writing, photography and images, online videos and original computer software and databases. If anyone copies your original material then you can use an IP lawyer to ask them to remove offending content from their website or published material, and then proceed to claim for damages.

For other types of IP, and here we?re talking about design works, innovations and ideas, logos and branding, you will need an IP lawyer to help you register your Intellectual Property rights for ownership of the material you wish to protect. Trademarks are used to register use of your branding, and patents to register your ownership of original innovations and ideas. The protections afforded by these legal tools are broad, capable of international recognition if registered appropriately, and can add real value to your business.

Of course the registration and acknowledgement of IP law is just an initial step. The real value in asserting your start-up?s commercial rights over branding, ideas and innovations lies in your ability to enforce those rights against others who may seek to imitate and copy for their commercial benefit. The financial advantages of this approach are highlighted no clearer than in a US court?s recent decision to award Apple $1bn after deciding that rivals Samsung copied a number of their ideas in their phones and tablet devices.

Author Signature: Nick Branch received his LLB from the University of the West of England in 2004. Nick then become a director of two property-related businesses. He is now currently studying to become a doctor on the fast-track graduate entry medicine course at King's College London and is a contributing writer for Contact Law on law topics.

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Source: http://www.ladyluckmedia.co.uk/blog/protecting-your-identity-why-start-ups-should-pay-heed-to-ip-law.337.asp

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Encore Careers: The Boomer Alternative to Retirement

Encore Careers: The Boomer Alternative to Retirement

By Kathie Erwin, Ed.D.

Baby Boomers are in rebellion again?this time against the traditional concept of retirement. Yes, rather than head into the sunset to play golf or bridge in a 55 plus community, the trend among Boomers is to continue working after retiring from their primary career. This Boomer trend is not merely economic, it is also aspirational as described in the popular new terms, ?encore career, ?re-careering and ?second act.

During 2012, the oldest among the boomer generation celebrate their 66th birthday and qualify for full Social Security benefits. So why not take the money and get out of the rat race? Some Boomers may not be able to support their active lifestyle on lesser income and are skeptical about solvency of Social Security while others have added expenses from care of elderly parents.

To look at the positive side of encore careers, Boomers are still redefining the world on their own terms. For these Boomers, the golden years are that ?second act in which they bring experience, interests and life awareness to choose their next career. A study by Met Life Foundation and Civic Ventures (2011) estimated that 8.4 million Americans are choosing encore careers with emphasis on work that enhances personal and social values which the study describes as a source of ?abundant talent.

For Boomers with low debt and even a modest Social Security or investment income, the options for an encore career are limited only by the imagination. The exhausted neurosurgeon can take time to play violin in the local symphony and teach music students. The marketing executive who earned the million frequent flyer miles by spending most of the month away from family can become an urban ?gardener, growing extra food to sell at local market with a portion set aside to share with neighbors. The teacher who invested years and much of her salary in a disadvantaged school can take time to write curriculum concepts for the next generation and become a volunteer mentor to new teachers. Even a hobby such as ceramics, sewing, home remodeling or cooking has the potential to develop into an encore career.

If there is a need to continue earning income, the corporate world may be looking for the younger and frankly cheaper employees. Being aged-out of a career for Boomers is more of a detour than a disaster. Increasingly, Boomers are choosing to be self-employed with personal service work, consulting based on first career skills or starting a home based business.

These solo ventures that seemed too risky during the young to middle adult years now are within reach. AARP, who advanced the title ?re-careering, offers practical advice on how to find financing for the second act new business. Boomers can also turn to another fountain of experience and free mentoring from retired business leaders who volunteer with SCORE: Service Corps of Retired Executives.

Boomers who are Christians also see this ?encore as the right time to dedicate a year or more to missions, study for lay leadership or pastoral ministry and engage with socio-political issues that could threaten the expression of their beliefs. Always an activist generation, Boomers may be the greatest untapped resource the church has ever known.? In ?A Vision for the Aging Church, Houston and Parker (2011) give a rousing challenge to the church to properly utilize the talent and wisdom of aging members, then ask the provocative question:

??What could happened to our nation and the world if an army of spiritually inspired, successfully aging elders entered the fray, grounded in the gospel? (p. 22).

To build on their question, what if Boomers brought their career experience in education, healthcare, law, marketing and creative arts into the church for member services and outreach programs that exceeded anything in the social services realm? What if the Boomer generations? increased lifespan, greater vitality and desire to continue work well into the golden years is part of God?s plan for restoring the church as the center of society?

Boomer believers can shake up the system of relegating older adults to a quiet, polite weekly morning program and break out into a force that radically alters the way Christians deal with aging. What if that is the Christian Boomers? next revolution? Imagine what might happen if they actually take up the challenge.

Talk Back: How can you help your Boomer and older adult clients take up gain a new perspective in life and embrace an encore career? Take a moment to share your thoughts below.

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?Want to learn more about working with the Boomer generation and older adult clients? Don?t miss the 2013 AACC World Conference, September 11-14th, in Nashville, TN! Dr. Erwin will be presenting a 3-hour pre-conference workshop on this topic and we are also featuring a brand-new conference track dedicated to Aging, Baby Boomers, and Later-life Challenges. Register now take advantage of our ?Holiday Savings? Rate by calling 1-800-526-8673! Click here to submit a workshop proposal to present!

Kathie Erwin, Ed.D., Assistant Professor at Regent University, is a National Certified Gerontological Counselor, National Certified Counselor and Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Largo, FL. Author of five counseling books, ethical thriller novel and an award winning screenplay, Dr Erwin?s latest book is Group Techniques for Aging Adults, 2nd Edition.

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Source: http://www.aacc.net/2012/11/02/encore-careers-the-boomer-alternative-to-retirement/

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Germany's Schaeuble says debt reduction is global task

German Finance Minister Schaeuble speaks during a news conference about federal tax assessment for 2012 in Berlin

BERLIN (Reuters) - The United States and Japan must share responsibility with Europe for ensuring global economic stability, German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble said, signaling that a G20 meeting this weekend should not focus solely on the euro zone crisis.

Speaking in an interview before finance ministers and central bankers from the Group of 20 nations meet in Mexico, he said top economies must pursue structural reforms and fiscal consolidation to win back market trust and build sustainable growth.

Schaeuble also said in emailed answers to questions submitted by Reuters that he saw no danger of delay in the introduction of Basel III rules on banking capital that are due to be phased in from January.

Schaeuble does not want the two-day G20 meeting in Mexico City to concentrate exclusively on the euro zone crisis to the detriment of other urgent issues such as the "fiscal cliff" facing the United States and Japan's debt problems.

"The United States and Japan bear as great a responsibility for (ensuring stability) as we Europeans," he said.

"The G20 economies must decisively win back confidence with structural reforms and sustainable financial policies. This is the most important precondition for strengthening global economic conditions," Schaeuble said.

"Without consolidation and reforms we risk further loss of confidence and still less growth. No sustainable growth can be built on a mountain of debt," said the minister, known for his advocacy of fiscal rigor even in times of recession.

In the United States, existing legislation will raise taxes and cut spending to the tune of about $600 billion in 2013 unless lawmakers take action. However, Republicans and Democrats have yet to agree on measures to avoid this "fiscal cliff", which could cause the economy to contract.

The G20, which brings together major wealthy and emerging economies, must measure its progress by the goals it set at its Toronto summit two years ago, he added. There the developed countries committed to halve their budget deficits by 2013 and to stabilize their debt load by 2015.

HOPEFUL ON SPAIN, FIRM ON GREECE

Schaeuble has taken a tough line on Greece and other weaker members of the euro zone during the region's three-year sovereign debt crisis, insisting they swallow austerity medicine even as their economies sink deeper into recession.

But he had warm words for Spain, saying it was on the "right path" and that there were signs - seen for example in falling wage costs and in the current account - that its economic imbalances were improving.

Schaeuble reiterated that Greece, still locked in difficult talks with its international creditors aimed at averting bankruptcy, must implement the tough measures it has promised.

The minister dampened expectations that the euro zone's new bailout fund, the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), might soon be able to recapitalize banks directly, reiterating that a planned new oversight body must first be fully functional.

"It is important that liability and control go hand-in-hand. In other words, quality clearly comes before speed," he said.

Schaeuble said he did not fear delays in implementation of the Basel III rules or the possibility that the United States and Britain - which have both criticized them as too unwieldy to work - might not adopt them.

Basel III is the world's regulatory response to the financial crisis, forcing banks to triple the amount of basic capital they hold in a bid to avoid future taxpayer bailouts.

"Like other international financial market reforms, Basel III and its implementation in the most important global financial centers are subject to an internationally-agreed regime of checking procedures," he said.

The G20's regulatory arm, the Financial Stability Board (FSB), will complete proposals by the time of the group's next summit in September 2013 on regulation of non-bank financial institutions ranging from hedge funds to insurance companies.

"We welcome the broad international consensus on a strict regulation of money market funds which act very similarly to banks," Schaeuble said.

(Writing by Gareth Jones, editing by David Stamp)

Source

Source: http://finance.blogrange.com/finance-news/germanys-schaeuble-says-debt-reduction-is-global-task/

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Most of Congress coming back despite low approval

FILE - In this June 7, 2012 file photo, Rep. Charlie Rangel, D-N.Y. speaks during a news conference on Capitol Hill. When the results are counted this Tuesday, Americans are poised to resoundingly rehire roughly 350 of the 535 members of the House and Senate despite railing for months about an ineffective, bitterly divided legislature. The once-in-a-decade redrawing of congressional districts is one of the main reasons why so many lawmakers will return to Washington _ and the first election after that politically driven process is typically a high point _ but redistricting isn?t the only reason. The power of incumbency with its name recognition and cash advantage also is responsible. (AP Photo/Haraz N. Ghanbari, File)

FILE - In this June 7, 2012 file photo, Rep. Charlie Rangel, D-N.Y. speaks during a news conference on Capitol Hill. When the results are counted this Tuesday, Americans are poised to resoundingly rehire roughly 350 of the 535 members of the House and Senate despite railing for months about an ineffective, bitterly divided legislature. The once-in-a-decade redrawing of congressional districts is one of the main reasons why so many lawmakers will return to Washington _ and the first election after that politically driven process is typically a high point _ but redistricting isn?t the only reason. The power of incumbency with its name recognition and cash advantage also is responsible. (AP Photo/Haraz N. Ghanbari, File)

FILE - In this Oct. 17, 2012 file photo, Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah awaits the start of the Utah Senate Debate with Democratic challenger Scott Howell, in Provo, Utah. When the results are counted this Tuesday, Americans are poised to resoundingly rehire roughly 350 of the 535 members of the House and Senate despite railing for months about an ineffective, bitterly divided legislature. The once-in-a-decade redrawing of congressional districts is one of the main reasons why so many lawmakers will return to Washington _ and the first election after that politically driven process is typically a high point _ but redistricting isn?t the only reason. The power of incumbency with its name recognition and cash advantage also is responsible. (AP Photo/Rick Bowmer, File)

(AP) ? Listen up voters, you're the boss.

Your employee has barely produced the past two years, has hardly showed up for work, hasn't cooperated with others and has gotten low marks on every evaluation. Time to fire 'em, right?

Wrong.

When the results are counted this Tuesday, Americans will have resoundingly rehired a big majority of the House and Senate despite railing for months about an ineffective, bitterly divided Congress.

Help from the once-a-decade redrawing of congressional districts is one reason so many lawmakers will return to Washington. The first election after that politically driven process is typically a high point for those in office. But redistricting is hardly the only reason. The power of incumbency, with its name recognition and cash advantages, also is responsible.

At least 15 senators of the 22 seeking re-election are expected to cruise to new terms. The same is true for at least 330 House members from coast to coast, based on interviews with Republicans and Democrats, opinion polls and a tally of non-competitive races.

There have been some close calls. Twenty-one-term Rep. Charlie Rangel faced a scare in his primary but probably will win in his heavily Democratic New York City district. Sen. Orrin Hatch fought off a tea party challenge and is expected to easily win a seventh term in solidly Republican Utah. Ethics and sex scandals ? even skinny dipping in the Sea of Galilee ? won't stop other incumbents.

Yet in survey after survey this year, Americans overwhelmingly have given Congress an abysmal approval rating in the low double-digits. Even its members joke darkly about their standing compared to, say, used car salesmen or tax collectors or even journalists.

Support for Congress, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., has often said, is "down to paid staffers and blood relatives."

A quick look at the statistics suggests why.

In two years of partisan backbiting and brinkmanship over the nation's finances, the current Congress has produced just 196 laws, including quite a few renaming post offices or appointing members to the board of the Smithsonian Institution.

The once-easy work such as a transportation bill took months of wrangling.

Compare that to the 460 laws of President George W. Bush's two years with a Democratic Congress or the Watergate-era 649 laws.

Congress hasn't been around Washington very much of the time. Lawmakers have been in session about 220 days in the past two years of Tuesday-to-Thursday afternoon workweeks that would prompt an avalanche of attendance demerits.

Still, Americans will reward this level of performance, perhaps rivaling only A-Rod's in baseball's postseason, by giving their senators and House members another six- or two-year term at a salary of $174,000 a year.

The re-election percentage for House incumbents in the modern era ? 1964 to 2010 ? has rarely dipped below 80 percent, even in "wave" election years when the president saw members of his party sent packing, such as Bill Clinton in 1994 (52 House seats lost), George W. Bush in 2006 (30 seats lost) and Barack Obama in 2010 (63 seats lost).

Senate re-election hasn't always been as sure a thing. In 1980, when Republican Ronald Reagan ousted Democratic President Jimmy Carter from the White House, nine Senate incumbents fell and the re-election percentage for incumbents fell to 55 percent. Two years later, however, it was back up to 93 percent.

Why?

Tim Storey, an elections analyst with the National Conference of State Legislatures, cites post-Census redistricting in which both Republicans and Democrats shore up incumbents and create a significant number of safe, non-competitive House districts.

But Storey points out that the district boundaries reflect a geographical and cultural reality: The United States is a nation of clusters.

"It takes a real quick look at voting patterns geographically to realize that we are very sort of clustered in heavily partisan ways," Storey said. "And so when you start drawing maps, many of these districts, you can't unless you extraordinarily contort the lines, you're always going to have some number of districts, a large number, that are heavily Republican and heavily Democratic. So that is the nature of a geographic dispersion along party lines."

Storey said people decide where to live for a variety of reasons, but the conventional view still stands ? rural America is predominantly Republican and urban America is strongly Democratic. The suburbs provide some intersection of the two, and that line moves in and out depending on the election. Other factors come into play, too. The 1965 Voting Rights Act limits what nine states can do in drawing up new districts, to ensure that minorities are represented in Congress.

Just being in office helps a candidate a lot. Incumbents typically have a considerable advantage in raising money, making it difficult for challengers to unseat them.

The result is that next week, despite the public's frustration, Americans won't be sending many incumbents to the want ads or unemployment offices.

That likelihood leaves some people in the world of business and human resources scratching their heads. Think about George Clooney's job-firing character in the 2009 film "Up in the Air" unable to tell members of Congress they're out of a job.

Vic Tanon, the self-described chief simplicity officer for Emplicity, a human resources outsourcing company based in Irvine, Calif., said his firm consults with companies of 20 to 50 employees, the kind that members of Congress repeatedly talk about when they talk about job growth.

"In what you call a small business there isn't a lot of room for keeping, let alone hiring, people that are not delivering results. There's just not a lot of room," Tanon said. "When you get into larger work places, it's easier for people to hide."

Tanon said small businesses have to worry about their own existence.

"They need results. They look directly to their people and their resources to get those results and when they're not, to remain competitive, we need to write up those employees, put them on a PIP ? a performance improvement plan ? document that. And if they don't meet the PIP, I'm sorry, but we will have to free them to the economy," he said.

Burton Goldfield, president and chief executive officer of TriNet, a San Leandro, Calif., firm that provides health care plans and guidance on hiring and firing, like Clooney's character, sees parallels between Congress and business.

"The results aren't there," Goldfield said. "Now that doesn't mean that you fire them, but if they're not going to acknowledge that the results aren't there, then you're pretty much done. If I'm counseling an employee, and they're not willing to own up to the results, the chances of them surviving in that role are near zero."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-11-01-US-Rehiring-Congress/id-627fd7d7203549d4a614f90edf54f502

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